Activated Charcoal

Activated charcoal is produced by heating carbon-rich materials such as coconut shells or wood at high temperatures and then activating them with oxidizing gases to create a vast network of tiny pores. This process gives it an enormous surface area — up to 3,000 m² per gram — enabling it to adsorb a wide range of organic molecules. In emergency medicine, it is the standard of care for many acute poisonings when administered within 1–2 hours of ingestion. However, activated charcoal binds substances indiscriminately, including prescription medications, vitamins, and minerals, which significantly reduces their absorption. This is a critical concern for individuals taking regular medications such as oral contraceptives, antiepileptics, or cardiac drugs. Routine use as a 'detox' supplement is not supported by clinical evidence and may lead to nutritional deficiencies. Common side effects include constipation, black stools, and in rare cases, intestinal obstruction.