Also known as: Oenothera biennis oil, EPO
Evening primrose oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used for skin health, PMS symptoms, and eczema management.
Evening primrose oil (EPO) is extracted from the seeds of Oenothera biennis, a wildflower native to North America. It is one of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that the body converts to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), a precursor to anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E1. EPO has been extensively studied for atopic dermatitis (eczema), premenstrual syndrome, and mastalgia (breast pain). While results for eczema have been mixed in systematic reviews, GLA supplementation has shown more consistent benefits for cyclical breast pain and some PMS symptoms. EPO is generally well tolerated and widely available as a dietary supplement.
Several clinical studies suggest that GLA from EPO at 3.000 mg daily can reduce the severity of cyclical mastalgia, possibly by correcting fatty acid imbalances that influence prostaglandin metabolism.
GLA is a precursor for ceramides and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. Oral EPO supplementation has improved skin moisture, elasticity, and smoothness in some trials.
Some studies report reduced irritability, bloating, and mood disturbances with EPO supplementation during the luteal phase, though evidence is not conclusive.
With meals, split into 2–3 doses
Effects typically take 2–3 menstrual cycles to become noticeable.
With a meal containing fat for optimal GLA absorption
May be combined with omega-3 supplementation for balanced fatty acid intake.
Convenient oral supplementation with consistent GLA dosing
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