Also known as: Maidenhair Tree, EGb 761
Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living tree species and among the best-selling herbal supplements worldwide. Its standardised extract (EGb 761) is prescribed in Germany for cognitive decline and peripheral circulatory insufficiency.
Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree native to China that has survived virtually unchanged for over 200 million years. Its leaf extract, standardised to contain 24% flavonol glycosides and 6% terpene lactones (ginkgolides and bilobalide), is one of the most rigorously studied herbal medicines. The extract EGb 761 (marketed as Tebonin in Germany) improves microcirculation by reducing blood viscosity, enhances nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, and provides neuroprotective antioxidant effects. In Germany, EGb 761 is an approved phytopharmaceutical prescribed for symptomatic treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia. While large prevention trials like GEM did not confirm benefit for preventing dementia in healthy elderly, meta-analyses of therapeutic trials support modest improvements in cognition, daily activities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with existing mild-to-moderate dementia. Ginkgo also has well-documented effects on peripheral circulation and is used for intermittent claudication and tinnitus.
Meta-analyses of therapeutic trials show that EGb 761 at 240 mg/day improves cognition, daily living activities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.
Ginkgo extract improves walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (intermittent claudication) by enhancing blood flow and reducing blood viscosity.
The flavonoid and terpene lactone components of ginkgo scavenge free radicals, stabilise cell membranes, and protect neurons from oxidative damage, particularly in the context of cerebral ischaemia.
Divided into 2–3 doses with meals
Use only standardised extracts (24% flavonol glycosides, 6% terpene lactones). Effects typically require 4–6 weeks to manifest. 240 mg/day used in most recent positive trials.
Evidence-based cognitive and circulatory support
Mild daily wellness support
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