Also known as: Phenotropil, Carphedon, (R,S)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
Phenylpiracetam is a phenylated derivative of piracetam with significantly greater potency and stimulant-like properties. It enhances cognition, physical performance, and cold tolerance, and is banned by WADA as a performance-enhancing substance.
Phenylpiracetam (also known as Phenotropil or Carphedon) is a racetam nootropic developed in Russia in 1983 for use by cosmonauts to enhance cognitive and physical performance under stress. It is structurally identical to piracetam with an added phenyl group, which increases its lipophilicity and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in an estimated 20–60 times greater potency. Phenylpiracetam modulates multiple neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors. It has been clinically studied in Russia for cognitive decline, epilepsy, and stroke recovery. Due to its psychostimulant and physical performance-enhancing effects, it was banned by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency). It is available as an over-the-counter supplement in some countries but is not widely regulated.
Russian clinical trials showed phenylpiracetam improved memory, attention, and problem-solving in patients with cognitive decline from organic brain lesions and encephalopathy.
Originally developed for Soviet cosmonauts, phenylpiracetam has demonstrated ergogenic and thermogenic properties, enhancing physical stamina and tolerance to extreme cold in preclinical studies.
Russian studies indicate phenylpiracetam may accelerate neurological recovery after ischemic stroke when used as an adjunct therapy.
1–2 doses in the morning and early afternoon; avoid evening use
Tolerance may develop with daily use. Cycling (e.g., 2 weeks on, 1 week off) is commonly recommended by users.
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